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Terms starting with M
Definition
Machine learning (ML) is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that allows systems to learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed. ML is a method of data analysis that automates analytical model building. It’s based on the idea that systems can learn from data, identify patterns, and make decisions with minimal human intervention
Mean Absolute Error (MAE) is a statistical metric used to measure the average magnitude of errors or inaccuracies between predicted values and actual values in a dataset. It quantifies the absolute differences between individual data points in a predictive model’s output and the corresponding true values. MAE provides a straightforward and easy-to-understand assessment of the model’s accuracy, with smaller MAE values indicating that the model’s predictions are closer to the actual values. MAE is particularly useful in regression and forecasting tasks to evaluate the overall performance of the predictive model.
The “mean” is a statistical measure that is often referred to as the “average.” It’s one of the most commonly used measures of central tendency, which helps summarize a dataset by providing a single representative value. To calculate the mean (average), you sum up all the values in a dataset and then divide that sum by the total number of values.
Meteorological parameters play a significant role in air pollution and can have a substantial impact on the dispersion, transport, and transformation of air pollutants. Some of the key meteorological parameters that are relevant to air pollution monitoring and modeling include: Wind speed, Wind Direction, Temperature, RH, Atmospheric pressure, Precipitation, Boundary layer height, solar radiation, Air stability, Local topography, Synoptic weather patterns, and emission height.
“Methane (CH4) is a colourless, odourless, tasteless, non-toxic gas with a chemical composition of one carbon and four hydrogen atoms. It is a major component of natural gas. CH4 is highly flammable at very high concentrations of about 50,000 ppm. Methane acts as an asphyxiant at extremely high concentrations.
Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas. It is 28 times ( for 100 years timeframe) more potent than carbon dioxide at trapping the sun’s heat into the atmosphere. However, it has an atmospheric lifetime of around 12 years, much shorter than carbon dioxide. “
Methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), also known as methanethiol, is a colourless, highly flammable, toxic gas with a distinct, strong unpleasant odour. Moreover, its odour can be described as that of rotten cabbage or garlic. The microbial degradation of organic matter releases methyl mercaptan. As a result, prolonged exposure to CH3SH can quickly deaden a person’s sense of smell, making the odour of methyl mercaptan an unreliable indicator of its presence.
“Micrograms per cubic meter (µg/m³) is a unit of measurement used to express the concentration of a substance, typically a pollutant or particulate matter, in the air or another gaseous medium. It signifies the mass of a specific substance present in one cubic meter of the medium, with the substance measured in micrograms (one-millionth of a gram).
Mathematically, µg/m³ is defined as:
1 µg/m3 = 1µg/ 1 m3
In other words, 1 µg/m³ represents one microgram of the substance in every cubic meter of the medium. This unit is commonly used in air quality monitoring and environmental science to measure the concentration of airborne pollutants or particulate matter. It provides a means to quantify the presence of substances in the air at very low mass concentrations, particularly those that can have health or environmental implications.
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A microprocessor is a central processing unit (CPU) designed to execute computer programs and perform various computational tasks within a computer system or electronic device. It serves as the “brain” of a computer or microcontroller, interpreting and executing instructions from software programs.
“Milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m³) is a unit of measurement used to express the concentration of a substance, typically a pollutant, chemical, or particulate matter, in the air or another gaseous medium. It signifies the mass of a specific substance present in one cubic meter of the medium, with the substance measured in milligrams (one-thousandth of a gram).
Mathematically, mg/m³ is defined as:
1 mg/m3 = 1mg/1m3
In other words, 1 mg/m³ represents one milligram of the substance in every cubic meter of the medium. This unit is commonly used in air quality monitoring and environmental science to measure the concentration of airborne pollutants, chemicals, or particulate matter. It provides a means to quantify the presence of substances in the air at mass concentrations that can have health or environmental implications.
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“Modbus is a widely used communications protocol and set of standards that enables communication between industrial and automation equipment, particularly in the field of industrial control systems (ICS) and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. It was developed in the late 1970s and has since become an industry-standard protocol for facilitating communication between various electronic devices and systems in industrial settings.Key characteristics and components of Modbus include, Serial and Ethernet Communication, Client-Server Architecture, Data Types, Communication Modes, Master-Slave Relationship, Read and Write Operations, Open Protocol
Modbus is used in a variety of industrial applications, including manufacturing, energy, utilities, building automation, and process control. Its simplicity, reliability, and widespread adoption have contributed to its enduring popularity in the industrial and automation sectors.”
MQTT, which stands for Message Queuing Telemetry Transport, is a lightweight and widely used messaging protocol designed for efficient, real-time communication between devices, applications, and services in the Internet of Things (IoT) and other scenarios. MQTT is known for its simplicity, low overhead, and publish-subscribe communication pattern, making it an ideal choice for resource-constrained and low-bandwidth environments. MQTT is commonly used in IoT applications, home automation, telemetry, remote monitoring, and other scenarios where efficient, low-latency, and reliable communication is essential. It has a large and active developer community, resulting in support across a wide range of programming languages and platforms. MQTT brokers, such as Mosquitto and HiveMQ, are readily available to facilitate MQTT communication.
