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Terms starting with N
Definition
An air quality standard defines the maximum amount of a pollutant averaged over a specified period of time that can be present in outdoor air without harming public health, and thus, it defines clean air.
NB-IoT, or Narrowband Internet of Things, is a low-power, wide-area network (LPWAN) technology designed for connecting a wide range of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and sensors. It is part of the 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) standard and operates within the cellular spectrum, making it a cost-effective and energy-efficient option for IoT applications. NB-IoT is optimized for scenarios that require long-range, low data rate communication with extended battery life. NB-IoT is a versatile technology that is well-suited for various IoT applications across industries, including agriculture, smart cities, healthcare, logistics, and industrial automation. It provides a scalable and standardized solution for connecting and managing IoT devices, contributing to the growth of the Internet of Things.
NDIR stands for nondispersive infrared. It’s a type of sensor that uses infrared light to detect and measure the concentration of gases. NDIR sensors are often used to detect carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. The majority of NDIR sensors use a broadband lamp source and an optical filter to select a narrow band spectral region that overlaps with the absorption region of the gas of interest.
NO (nitric oxide or nitrogen monoxide) is a colorless, non-flammable, oxidizing, poisonous gas with a slightly irritating odour. It consists of one nitrogen atom bonded to one oxygen atom. It is highly reactive due to the presence of one unpaired electron. Thus, this results in rapid oxidation (within a few minutes) to form NO2.
NO2 (nitrogen dioxide) is a reddish-brown acidic gas having a pungent irritating odour comprising one nitrogen atom and two oxygen atoms. It is corrosive and strongly oxidizing. It can combust with compounds such as hydrocarbons, sometimes explosively. Its vapors are heavier than air and are toxic when inhaled. NO2 gas itself is noncombustible, however, it can accelerate combustion.
Noise is defined as the unwanted or disturbing sound that blemishes the quality of life for the community and ecosystem. Noise pollution has severe mental and physical effects such as stress-related illnesses, high blood pressure, speech interference, hearing loss, sleep disruption, and lost productivity. In countries like India, noise pollution has been synonymous with greenhouse gasses and the advent rise in AQI (Air Quality Index).
In atmospheric chemistry, NOx is a collective term used to refer to the nitrogen oxides that are most relevant for air pollution i.e. NO and NO2. NOx emissions result from various human activities, including the combustion of fossil fuels in vehicles, power plants, and industrial processes. Controlling and reducing NOx emissions are important for mitigating air pollution and its associated health and environmental impacts, as well as for addressing issues like smog and acid rain.
