Definition

Firmware is a type of software that is permanently embedded in hardware devices or components, such as microcontrollers, computer peripherals, or electronic devices. It serves as the intermediary layer between the hardware and higher-level software applications, controlling and managing the device’s essential functions. Unlike regular software, firmware is typically not easily modified by end-users and remains stored in non-volatile memory, allowing it to retain its functionality even after the device is powered off or reset. Firmware is responsible for initializing, operating, and communicating with the hardware to ensure the proper functioning of the device.